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This article is a translation of a chapter from the book, "The world of late antiquity" written by peter Brown, who was the professor of the university of Oxford. This book was printed in
1971 in London and consists of 16 chapters. It is about the end of old world (150 - 750 A.D) from Marcus Aurelius to Mohmmad (p.b.u.h).
The last 4 chapters are about the relationship between Iran and Byzance in 6th century and also about Muslims' victories. The 13th chapter is about events of mesopotamia and Mani' s thoughts in 5th century, then it discribes political positions, since of Anoshiravan and khosro parvis. This chapter ends by the fight between Heraqlius and khosro parvis. which was issued in the
jouranal of the faculty of letters and human sciences No. 139 140.
The title of 14th chapter is "The ruin of old world: The culture and religion in the begining of the middle ages. Bishops got power after the crusades between Iranian and Heraqlius. The clergies took place the city consulate position and received large amont of taxes from people.
The bishops services were not less than social revolution. The liberaries were too many and the language was latin, which was the religious language. The book was a very holy object at that time.
Hellenism got silent, hut protected the benefits of aristocrats of Byzance. The bishops controled the classic literature through forgeries, then changed the songs and praying in the churches.
The music, the changes of coins and iconolatry effected on the all christians, and the holy humanities were changed into holy things, Then the muslems controJed the new christian culture. They were all people of ALLAH. and others had to pay tribute( obligation).