During the year 1802\1215, Russian troops, following thier unsuccesful attempts to conquer caucasus erea, begun their attack to the erea. whoevers their invasions were started since peter the Great regin.
After massacer of Ganje, Russians continued their advance to the south, meanwhille the local notables were divided into two groups according their attitued to the Russians. Some of them decided to resiste against them and the others liked to accompany with the russians.
The Qajar ruler, Fath Ali Shah, by the reciving the news of the Russian invasion, send the forces to the Azarbayjan to defate them. The commander of chief of the expeditionary forces was Abbas Mirza (Nayeb al - Saltane) and his minster was Mirza Buzurg of Farahan. The war between two sides took some years but the Russians could not acces to their aims. At the same time the Qajar ruler signed an agreement with the France, known as finkenstein agreement, decided to use the Franch military officers and their
experiences against the Russians, At the head of this French officers was a Genral namely general gardan. But soon after the Finkenstein agreement, Russia and France had signed a secret agreemont. The Qajar court had some difficulties in the battle filed erea especially amongst the local noteables.
Therefore by the attempts of the MirzaBuzurg (Qaem Magame Awwal) they decided to resolve the crisis of the legetimacy and to draw the support of the Muslim people through the declaration of the war as a holy war. Therefore, Mulla muchammad Bagir kalbas_ who was an eminent religious leader, went to Atabat (shiit holy shrine in modem Iraq) and the major cities in Iran and requested the great mujtaheds to issue their fatwa for
lehad or holy war.
Regarding the importance of the defate of the Russian enemy and to
prevent their patronage on the Muslim lands, the ulama helped the Qajar court through the issuing the fatwa for lehad, and asked the Muslim people to loine the Qajar army. for them, The war war not only war between two court but also was the war between the Islam and kufr (Blasphemy).
After the returen of the late kalbasi, Mirza Buzurg collected the fatwas and therefore for the first time in the modern history of Iran, he published the detailed work of lehad literature. The title of this work was "Ahkam al ¬lehad va Asbab al - Reshad" or "lehadiyeye kabir". These fatwas issued by
the grea_ ulama who were the famous religious leaders during their life, the
name of these ulama are as follow:
1- Shaykh Mohammad Hassan of Najaf, knowns as kashef al - qeta
(shaykh al - Mujtadeddin)
2- Mirza Abulqasem of Qum known as Muhaqqiq of Qum. (Allamat
al - Ulama)
3- Aqa Sayyed Ali Tabatabaii. known as Sahebe Reyaz (Sayyed al ¬
Mushaheddin)
4- Sayyed Mhannad ibn Sayyed AU Tabatabaii. known as Mujahed
(Aqa Sayyed Mohammad)
5- Shaykh Mohammad Hassan (Qazvini)
6- Hajj Mirza Mohammad Hussain Isfahani (Sultan al ¬
Mujtahaddin)
7- Mulla Ali Akbar Isfahani
8- Aqa Shaykh Hasheme kabi.
9- Mulla Muhammad Reza Hamedani.
10- Akhund Mulla Ahmade Naraqi.
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