دکتر روح الله عالمی author text article 2001 per Although different theologians schismatic sects of schismatics such as Ashaereh and Imamieh have different ideas about the principles and branches of religion, but they are unanimous on monthelsm that IS the religious pivot of Islam. Inspite of this, they present different, sometines antithetical commentaries which are the roots of all disputes and differences. Theologians Schismatic who lay stress on rational reasons about monotheism by emphasising the absolute simplicity of sul1stance and negating the unity of quality and the qualified, believe in disqualified substance, and then the discrite the qualities that are introduced in the Quran they have to exaggerate. If we consider their ideas about God. s authority and knowledge we will see that they negate those qualities. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13523_e0ccbdf45532d1c13bf8327b7c99ddce.pdf دکتر اسماعیل حاکمی author text article 2001 per Abu Reihan Mohammad ibn Ahmad Birooni is one of the great scientists, Mathematicians, astronomers, historians and who is called by the 4th and 5th century researchers scholars of the fourth and fifth centuries whom the researchers call one of the greatest eastern scholars. He was born in Kharazm in 362 (AH.) and died in Qazneh at the beginning of the revolution of Salageqeh and the reign of Masoud ibn Mahmood Qaznavi. TIle works of this great scientist were in Arabic language that was the scientific language of Islam and Iran. The only book that he compiled in persian was At - Tafhim reign which himself translated from Arabic into persian or vice versa. The fifth and sixth centuries (A.H.) are the most important eras for literature. The Persian prose in these two centuries has the style of absolulely different kind. One style was of simple kind of fourth century prose. The prose styles of these two are of quite different. The styles of prose in these two centuries are different. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13524_dca92369923c3b0c2cc7d0651ffaa0a3.pdf دکتر علی محمد مؤذنی author text article 2001 per Ziaoddin - e - Nakhshabil (d. 751/ 1350) IS one of the authors. poets. translators and mystics in subcontinent Besides the "Chehel Namoos" (Juziyyat and Kolliyat) he had written several books in Persian eg: Tooty name. Selkossolook. Golrees. [)uaaye Suryani, Ashareh - e - Mobashsharah and etc. Chehel Namoos IS one of the unique Works In this type Persian literature. it contains fourty parts (Namoos =principle=law)which 40 members of human body have been discribed in It, such as hair, head, front, neck and etc. Nakshabi explains the members of body as a "Namoos = Principle" with a fine Persian prose - a unique type of rhymed prose. Also each part contains various aspects of those member: aesthetic. Mystical . medical and etc. The writer also shows the power of God in creating human as a highest symbol in Universe . At last Nakhshabi ends his speech in each part with a ghazal by a ردیف Rhyming word of poem) with same Namoos. Therefore this book contains 40 ghazals with 40 rhyme of human body members. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13525_8edf957f66babb8f002b0d383592c45c.pdf دکتر ابوالحسن امین مقدسی author text article 2001 per The prose of decadenc IS II1troduceel by its specwl charactenstlcs in Arabic literature. Imitation. repetition and using figures of speech are the characterislics of decadent prose. Sharaf -Od - DIn Ansari is one the poet of seventh eenlury anel l1elongs to this penoel. He guranteed and referred 10 the poets before himself such as Amrol Qals. Mmenabee. Abu Taml11am , Kab - Ibn Zohair and Omar - ibn - Rabieh. He produced an aelaption of Oman a great deal. These adapt Ions are so much in his poems that affect his mental faculties. He has not used special verses. In eulogy of prophet he has not used history or tradition. In eulogy of prophet he praised the family of prophet (p.b.u.t.) too. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13526_f0867447251121b63daa58e5449b1bd5.pdf دکتر منوچهر اکبری author text article 2001 per دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13527_684d908c63f77478a29b53c50168f400.pdf دکتر محمد هادی مرادی author text article 2001 per ExplaInIng subjects based on gnosticism as well as mysticism and describing expenences connected with taste and inner - feelings, mystics as a sign of the best and most suitable style put to use to a very large scale, the symbolic way of composition. In thIs connection, king of the Divine lovers, namely Ibn al - Farid the Egyptian, in his famous collection of poetry, which is considered, as one of the most impressive works of mysticism all over the world, used this valuable style Vel} beautifully and tactfully. In thIs article the very style in question, is manifested through some specimens taken from his own divan. In addition, the artIcle deals, thousoh in IJrief, with subjects such as the development of allusion, and how it joined symbolism; synesthesia and (lifterent types of alJusion. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13528_5c5e852d5c4320ff37a54ac67a20a4e0.pdf احمد حاجی بابایی author ابراهیم نزهت author text article 2001 per The IslamIc revolution of Iran proposed Islamic government as the best system of government by the change of leadership and management system of the country. The proposed Islamic system was based on prophet Mohammad (p.b.u.h) and Imam Ali's life (Sireh). The prominance of Islamic revolution was thaI it was against the seculansm of the time. initiatmg the change L1Y God's name and contll1ull1g wllhll1 the framewurk of relIgeous tranings. In this paper it was supposed that thc concep baackgrounds of islamic revolution were based on the Political idea of Islam. This is agamst those Who belive the revolution bec,1me Islamic one after the victory in 1970. The historical and empirica1 backgrounds of Iran's contemporary history were such useful experiences in the maind of the late leader of the revolution and the aware people that denied the polllieal guidlines of reformistlc modiflc.'ltion ane the restoratIon of kingdom. and decided to destroy the oppression. There were many factorS influencing the IslamIc revolution of iran but religion was the most important faclor. Imam Khomemi was the theoncwn of the methodology of the struggle. ThIs study points out the role of people's broad and effectlvc participation. Imam Khomeini's stnct leadership and the motif of pure islam. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13529_f6bf6ee15cc57c47de1db9e190eb119e.pdf دکتر حسینمراد محمدی author text article 2001 per Climate is an important factor on all human activities. We are all affected by the atmosphere and need information about it and we react to the atmosphere through our ability. Climatology is the science that seeks to elescribe the nature of climate, why it eliffers from place to place ane! how It is related to other elements of the natural environment and human activities. Outside the ancient Greeks and Roman writers, in the Islamic world, Ibn Khaldun contributed to a discaussion of the climate human relationship only the middle zone provided climates which people were regarded as able to excel in wisdom and adapt to climate conditions. Applied climatology seeks relationships between climate and other phenomena. There IS a general agreement that the second world war gave a major impetus to the development of applied climatology. The potential vulnerability of the modern world to climate vanahilily. growing energy problems and an awarness of environmental consequences of the continued consumption of fOSSil fuels have led 10 a coming of age for applied climatology. CiImme impaci assessment as an important part of the emergence and development of applied climatoloh'y has been considered in this paper. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13530_cc44a176c597680ad2d19e7e899fdf4d.pdf دکتر زهرا پیشگاهی فرد author text article 2001 per The people's presnce in extended elections for selecting one or more person 10 deposit theIr destmy for a distinct time IS indicative of people's sensitivIty for their future destinatIon. The more this sensitIvity is, the more they present in elections. In this paper the quantity and quality of the presence of the inhabitants of Sistan & Baluchestan has been studied and the author tried to ShOW the relation between the increase of this sensitivity and participation in the elections. Also the interactions between main political nations, groups (parties) in this provience and elected candidate tendency to special commission in the parliament in attention to the divestment of this provience and changing this variation in the recent time have been discussed. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13531_cc676ea0f6a63038c4f602be3dc8d29d.pdf دکتر عبدالرضا سیف author text article 2001 per The Abraham's mien in Mathnavi, in addition to the prophetic. position, is introduced as a perfect gnostic who bec.1me the leader and the pattern of discelples and devotees because of campaigning against his pas ions. In story of Abraham, Mowlavi according to the Qoranic points, has passed all ways towards God and gained victory over theoretic. and practic parts of life and reached to the witnessing and presence part. Abraham has reached to the position of being the friend of Gael. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13532_10d294fe2d77e452d426f36b7ad13fdc.pdf دکتر حسن فاضلی نشلی author text article 2001 per The emergence of complex societies is one of the main subjects in archaeological studies of Iran. The Tehran plain IS one of the key regions of Iran, which has manifested many aspects of complex societies . In order to study the settlement pattern and the degree of interaction between the Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlements of the Tehran plain the University of Tehran has conducted a settlement survey. This paper will address some characters of these settlements. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13533_6843d8650e039ac22bebfa84b3c4eaca.pdf دکتر حسین آزاد author text article 2001 per Reasearchers and those who study tile effects of stress on hody health believe that cheerfullness and optimistic sense of humor have a negative effect on body health and longevity. Rescarch by Fnedman and his associates have shown that although cheerfullness and optimistic sense of humor may be beneficial in the short run, but in the long run may shorten people. s lives. Findings of these researchers indicating that optemism and a sense of humor as a coring mechanism can have an ellectlve role on trearment and reciver from many problems such as surgeries. injuries, and diseases, but result in an unrealistic belief that increases the risks of certain. activeties, such as smoking or driving after drinking. Opposed to, conscientiusness such as prudence, truthfulness, and freedom from vanity can increas longerity. Another factors such as marriage, social support, and feeling of personal control have a man effect on personal ability 10 cope With stress and longevity. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13534_382cf4b4f00773458f908cac63eda73d.pdf دکتر منصور پهلوان author text article 2001 per Nasir - od - Din TLlsi is treated as an outstanding Islamic scholar as well as a master of a variety of sciences of his tIme who wrote some valuable books in logic, mathematics, Philosophy, theology, astronomy, etics, and mysticism and thus attained a very high position among Muslim scholars. Tusi is also considered as a mystic who excensed practical mysticism and passed it's highest levels and stations sLlccessfully - a reality which can clearly be observed in some of his works such as, "Awsaf al - A_hrat" "Aghaz va Anjam" (In Farsi) and his commantory on mystical parts of "al - Isharat va al - Tanbihat". His mystical aspect has also been recognized by western orientalists. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13535_d798acf699026d99b6b47e91c5c2a11a.pdf دکتر یدالله نصیریان author text article 2001 per IN this pamphlet the biography of Kafoor Ekhshicli is investigated. His title in historical books is known as Ostad Abolmesk. It is said that he was a slave and was brought from Sudan to Egypt to be sold. Toward the begInning of the foutrh century (312/934) he was sold to Abu Baker Mohammad Ibn Taghi Farghani known as Ekshid (king of Kings) who was one of the governors of Abbasid Caliphs and became one of the favoured servants. He was promoted in the administration of Ekhshid and, because of his own cleverness and intelligence, he became the commander of the army and of the consultants and a close associate of Ekhshid. By the way, including his high rank, he was the tutor of the Ekhshicl's sons named Abolghasem Anoomoor and Abolhasan Ali. In 335/957, Ekhshld passed away and his older son named Abolhasn became his successor. The latter was the King by name, but in fact the affairs of Egypt and surroudings was fulfilled by Kafoor. In 349 / 971 Abolghasem dIed in 349/971 and his brother became his successor. His position and responsIbility did not change. In 355 after the death of Ali, Kafoor independently ruled Egypt and surroundIngs. Up to the Year 357N79, when ruling the country, his name always was mentioned in all sermons (Khot be) in the two holy mosques – Mecca and Medina He was a popular governor ancl specialy respected in the scholars, circled, Jurisprudents, poets and Alavid sadats. In hIS reign the walfare of the country was so good that no one was In need of IslamIc tax (Zakat). The income of alms (Zakat) was spent for construction of the mosques, schools, and the like. He was very carefulll in choosing the judges. He was recieving openly the complaints made by the oppressed once a week. One of his famous poets in his court was Abuteeb Motanabby. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13536_ad362a234d6ab51ef3f8f81e6906bc04.pdf دکتر عبدالله نصری author text article 2001 per Epistemolomi has played an important role m contemporary philosoply. Intelectual perceptions fall into three groups by Islamic philosophers: 1) primary inteleclus 2) Secondary intelectur 3) Logical intelectus. Some of the Islamic philosophers, as Hadj Mulla Hadi Sabzewary, have endeavored to give a decisive definition for these perceptions. Motahhari, as a philosopher, has done a good critique on Hadj Mulla Hadi Sabzevari's definition. Kant, on the other hand, in his philosophical system beleived that a priori categories had an decisive part in our knowledge of the world. Motahhari criticised kant's views on categories, and mentioned that his views disregarded the correspoding relations between object and subject. For this reason, he IS forced to believe in Indealism and not realism. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13537_e5050989e54ef14fb687a6887c9f5ddf.pdf دکتر محمد اکوان author text article 2001 per Wlttgenstem SaYS a proposition In a picture of reality. Wiltgenstein' s general conception WarS that when we put a sentence together we constract a model of reality. In any pictures there has to be a one - 10 - one correspondence between the element of a picture and the things in the state of affairs its represents. In the view of the tractatus there are a variety of things that cannot be stated: the form of representation of propositions, the existence of the simple objects that constitute the substance of the world. These things are all unsayaille. This experience IS what he called the mystical. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13538_6a2d0fb409d2cb48250fe31037d666a9.pdf دکترحجت رسولی author text article 2001 per In this article, by comparing the vIewpoints of rhetoric savants and their inherited definitions; specially that one of Sakaki with the standpoints and communicative models which are presented by the founders science of commul11cation in the 20th century A.D. We will find that both of these opinions are very close 10 other and the components of communicative models like: the sender of the message, the receiver of the message, the message Itself and even the commul11cMions media all could be found in defil1ltlons presentcd by rhetoric. Moreover, and by scrutinizing those viwepoints of the olds we arrive at such a concllision that what has l1een presented in the sphere of rhetoric during the 7th and 8th centuries A.H. could have been turned out as a source for the formation of the science communications. Rhetoric had been sufficiently Capable to enter new spheres such as communiCations, but why, did it come to a stop on the way of its development of science of communications, centuries after sakaki, detached from Muslims' progress in rhetoric, was founded by Europeans'? In this article we shall try to study this question and give pertment answers for it. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13539_fe68f93fdcb0539332943f6269b66c8b.pdf دکتر علی صابری author text article 2001 per In this article, in addition to explaining new colonialist tricks and maneuvres. such as cultural foray as well its reflection in these contemporaly and accountable writers and poets works. We are accentuating on study of these scholars and elites approach. Alter studying the literary works of those of writers, who felt themselves accountable aCainst society and development. it was realized, that it is possible to elcssify those writers and poets in three categories. First category: such as Qasen Amin and Sad -Zughiul, Who are welcoming this cultural Assault. as a social development. Second category: such as Aimanfelout Airafeai. Mohhammad Abdeh and Ahmad Moharram. whit are resisting against this cultural assault diientlv. third category: such as Ahmad Shoghi and I Ialez Ibrahim ssho have selected middle course. The aim of this article is to explain the sxriters and poets approach and position in defending social values parameters as s cIt as saleguarding "musts" and “must not" and national believes, in order to clarily the literars values as ssell as cultural and social and social signilicanee of this branch of art for all. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13540_915da1cd4d5a960c0a9787d0469a9fc2.pdf دکتر عبدالستار قمری author text article 2001 per Scholars have done various discussion on syntax and its origin. What can he infered from their argument is that, Arabic grammatical rules have lost their influences. Therefore, the leading proponents of syntactic school have tried to avoid this problem by writing grammatical rules for Arabic. Such attempts have been conducted by schools of Kufa, Basrah and Baghdad. It goes without saying that each of these schools possess its own rules and regulations. To teach the syntax remained from the past in accordance with the Basrab end Kufa school is considered to be neither appropriate nor right. In devising new syntax to fulfil our needs, descriptive approach is viewed as the best choice. In recent descriptive studies, syntax is devised based on both spoken and writen language. Such a descriptive approach includes both the over all shape and the change in the final vowels of Arabic words Dialects are unaceeptable issues because they are not based on descriptive syntax and they are far from it. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13541_886c09894a44a203c1f662380308c388.pdf دکتر کرامت الله زیاری author text article 2001 per The stable development theory appeared in the last decade of 20th century. The cause ni this theory was the failure of the modernism and post - modernism regard to the establishment of the good life and destruction of the local, regional, national and world environment. Undoubtedly, to arrive to the basic principal of this theory the role of government strategy is necessary in the land use polity and planning. The Urban palnning of 20th century not only has been positive, hut also create the ugliness in the urban envirnrnent palnning. This planning has created the social and biological structure, with technological culture, having imbalance and imsustainahility in the natural, socialogical. economical and physical structure. This paper attempts to offer the stable development framework and request in the renewal of the theoritical framework in the 21st century and will propose the kind of compact city and urban villages. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13542_c3176c07f33321c83a1121fe3ad6108a.pdf دکتر علیرضا حاجیان نژاد author text article 2001 per In method of eloquence the knowledge of rhetoric and among the knowledge of rhetoric. technique of simile has.. special position. According to the kind of simile there are several classification in ancient hooks about eloquence such as being sensible and reasonable of two parts of simile, absolute, particular, compound and etc. In studding texts of Persian lileratute we see another kind of simile that has not been discussed by ancients independently. Although this kind of simile was studied from the sensibility point of view. This article attempts to consider this kind of simile that I called grammatical simile and I classified it into abstract and grammatical simile, which they are studied separately through different samples and examples from Persian literature texts. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13543_920c88b007051f280c3a7514d2414c5a.pdf دکتر مهدی قرخلو author سهراب امیریان author text article 2001 per Planners and decision makers involve with a variety of activities undertaken at different spatial scales by national, regional or local organizations. They have to he aware of new techniques surrounding them. Geography Information System (GIS) is a set of computer sciences which can help planners in different areas such as housing, industry, environmental management, urban planning and so on. In this study the following titles, the object of GIS, types of data storage, hardware and software in a GIS environment, type of information systems, and application and user of GIS will be discussed. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13544_115935fb986a09df073529205cf7c54c.pdf دکتر مرضیه شنکایی author text article 2001 per This essay is about the histoiy and doctorine of creation which based upon duality. God is transcendent and never merges with material world. So for its creation, they believed in states of immanations and marriage between two opposite sides (positive.negative). دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13545_e06d81b25ffbc3573f7178257b31fe2a.pdf دکتر علی مرادخانی author text article 2001 per In western philosophy history is related to philosophy through Hegel s thought, so history is regarded philosophically and philosophy is seen historically and this relationship can not be possible for Heget without explaining of history of philosophy. The Hegel ‘s commentary of history ot modern philosophy caused the new western oppositions to become union that have been disconnected and separated the western culture from Descart till the time of Hegel. In this article one of the most important philosophy of modern time Ihat mean Spinoza from the Hegel’s viewpoint has been considered. At first part the introduction and the complete commentary of Hegel is presented. In the second part the Hegel critical idea about the definition of ethics has been introduced. And the third part is the denial of the universe in Spinoza philosophy. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13546_fe0d8e24734ac752ef030fdbba397fa4.pdf دکتر محمد دزفولی author text article 2001 per After the death of prophet (p.b.u.h.) the governor had an unsuitable and unjust treadment toward new non Arabic Muslems . They made them their partner less than themselves . Including these non Arabs were Iranian who were called Mavali. The Mavali were unsatisfy from the racial and unjust treatment of the governors. Hazrat Ali ( A.S.) , during his short time of government . tried to settle Islam in its real position and show the ideal Islamic treatment . He did not differenciate between races such as Arabs. Iranian , Moraccon and ect... دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13547_2374f4cd9ed638cb6b466d0067440421.pdf دکتر احمد پور احمد author text article 2001 per The explosive growth of population of grand cities and the auto expansion of the cities that according to the obtimistic forcast, will become double at 2020 cause the logestics and settement of local and civil systen to be urgent. The aim of this article is to emphesize the settement and the logestics of territory as a principal ay in order to equalize the civil system and avoid environmental crisis and corruption of natural sources. In this article, that is in analytical method, after explaining the characteristic, history and the way of appearce of the logestics in this country have been considered. Then according to the continnuous expansion of cities after Islamic revolution and being disharmony and unequivalence in civil system we explain the logestics of territory in order to equilize spacial system of cities of country according to the third development programme. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13548_e7ca3d25cd574704c7a6c3d54b7713ff.pdf دکتر تقی آزاد ارمکی author دکتر حمید عبداللهیان author text article 2001 per This paper, will question and examine the problem-identification in indigenous sociology in Canada as one of the fields in humanities. It will be indicated that taking Canadian sociology as an example it is reasonable to argue that loca]. and internal social issues and problems in Canada has enabled Canadian sociologists to coordinate scientific orientation of sociology with the indigenous necessities. It will be argued, however, that due to a lack of epistemological and conceptual principles in this argumeni it is still too soon to accept that indigenization of science is logically a valid argument. This is partly because multiplicity of subject orientations (such as what interests the Canadian sociologists to work o political-economy, cultural studies and feminism) only determines the foci in scientific research and it does not determine the scientific postulates with which to discover the universal laws dominating the social world and the epistemological atmosphere in which to develop new theoretical insights. The experience gained by the Canadian sociologists, of course, indicates that the formalion of paradigms in sociology gain effect from the local experiences. For this reason this paper focuses on the relationship between problem-identification and the formation of indigenous humanities in Canada. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13549_3b7635386159a82b6e33eb37cef6dd03.pdf دکتر علی افخمی author فردوس جمالی author text article 2001 per The present study investigated varieties of C-lest as measures of General Language prolictenry (GLP). C-test was first introduced into language testing as a modification of close procedure. The original C-test was developed by mutilating the second half of every other vord. beginning from word two in sentence two of a passage. Through various studies, C-test proved afl integrative and a highly reliable and valid measure of GLP. The present study was also aimed at further confirming those findings by investigating not only the original C-test hut other varietis of C-test. To this end ten C-test versions were developed, by applying different deletion techniques and deletion rates, and were administered among nearly 500 senior Eli. students, in the way that each form was given to almost 50 subjects. All the subjects had already taken a TOEFI. and a ctose test prior to the administration of the C-tests. The results of data analyses showed that C-test may measure different things one of which might he general language proficienry and as such, not all varieties of C-test measure this construct to the same extent. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13550_258a31650f0243b7bbfedf7a56b0fdd5.pdf دکتر عبدالرضا مظاهری author text article 2001 per For the gnostic in going through his mystical path. occur states and station. Which are not conceiveable for one who has not pessed over these stages. It is because. gnosticism like any other science, besides it special subjects and problems is in need of a subtle spirit. Good test and a kind of platonic tove until to he understandable therefore evciy reader of their hooks is obliged to he familiar with those problems and introctuctiy notes. Therefore here is discussed about sobriety, intoxication, collectivness, distinction, and the time the distinction so. called the station of servitude. In this station, gnostic is based upon himself and is aware of his worships and duties. Intoxication Is the death of humanly body in which the light of truth dominates the intellect and insight. In cottectivness God is seen without this creation and ahandonates the material and plurality and even obedience seems as polythism and the attention to worshiper them in the station of distinction after collectivness if the earisma of divine lights envelope the disciple. He hecoms excited and disturbed and acts acording to his time. Duty is equal to the occasion and he becomes duty free. The duty belongs to a person who is aware of it. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13551_610044cf3491a96769f2a4640010cf43.pdf دکتر سید حمید طالب زاده author text article 2001 per The philosophy of Robert (iosseteste (1170-1232) centers round the idea of light, so dear to the mind of Augustinian. He set up his thoery at Oxford university where the general tendency in metaphysics and psychology was conservative, Augustinian, while at the same time an interest was developed in emperical studies. Grosseteste who was the chancellor of Oxford university attempted to combine these two factors and his metaphysics of light well afforded some ground for his emperical studies on the physics of light which had been already established by Aihazen. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13552_505a733623027716d7bed883624e3480.pdf دکتر یدالله کریمی پور author دکتر حسن کامران author text article 2001 per Borders are strategic. In fact borders are defined and are even introduced as simboles of strategy. These strips have always been the axesse of probable confrontations and most of the sensetive confrontations of nations have occured there. The roots of generation and transformation of frontiers to horderlines, making the people on either side of the borders convergent and divergent, and exchange of goods at border areas have played in making these strips strategic. The present article , white putting forih a general framework of previous important classifications, has intended to submit a new classification on the basis of strategic role of borders which acords with the borders of Iran with its neighours. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13553_0554f6626998772f6e8460f27460619d.pdf دکتر یحیی معروف author text article 2001 per This study intends to analyse some of the grammatical difficulItes in poetry from the viewpoint of prosody and rhyme. The question is whether poetry, as subject to such reqLlirements and limitations as metre, rhyme, and music c,1n be grammatically justified, and whether poetry can baslcally be sclentifically relIed on. To get the answer, with reference to some authontative bibiographies, some example have been offered for the supenonty of music to grammar In poetry . Also, the necessity of the poetIcality of poetry and Its effect on the grammar have been emphasized. Again, this study analyses the necessity of empolying In poetry some long vowels instead of the short ones. In continuation it speaks about rhyme inrivalry with the grammar. دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_13554_307ad5319fe5c8294be235b2858c229b.pdf Dr.AMIR MaHMOUD ANVAR author text article 2001 per - دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 160 v. 0 no. 2001 https://jflh.ut.ac.ir/article_30719_27c70c7359229953bad02e8621bc68eb.pdf